Over a hundred Shoshone women, children, and men are massacred in their village by Colonel Patrick Connor and his California volunteer army. The attack occurs on a frigid morning and soldiers charge down the ravine, firing at every living child, man, and woman, all reportedly slaughtered without mercy. The Shoshone attempt to flee by jumping into the freezing river, which was later reported to be filled with “dead bodies and blood-red ice,” according to a village elder’s account. One Danish settler who came across the slaughter reported counting 493 dead Shoshone Indians (“List of Indian massacres”).